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| start [2026/04/20 16:40] – created bimabim | start [2026/04/21 08:30] (current) – [🥗 Zat Makanan] 180.249.185.25 | ||
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| - | ====== | + | ====== |
| - | Sistem pernapasan adalah sistem yang berfungsi untuk pertukaran gas oksigen dan karbon dioksida. | + | ===== Zat Makanan ===== |
| - | ===== Organ Pernapasan | + | ==== Pengertian |
| - | - Hidung | + | Zat makanan adalah senyawa dalam makanan yang dibutuhkan tubuh untuk energi, pertumbuhan, |
| - | - Tenggorokan | + | |
| - | - Paru-paru | + | ==== Klasifikasi |
| + | === Zat Makro === | ||
| + | * Karbohidrat | ||
| + | * Protein | ||
| + | * Lemak | ||
| + | * Air | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Zat Mikro === | ||
| + | * Vitamin | ||
| + | * Mineral | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Karbohidrat ==== | ||
| + | * Sumber energi utama | ||
| + | * Jenis: | ||
| + | * Monosakarida (glukosa, fruktosa) | ||
| + | * Disakarida (sukrosa, laktosa) | ||
| + | * Polisakarida (amilum, glikogen, selulosa) | ||
| + | * Fungsi: | ||
| + | * Energi | ||
| + | * Metabolisme | ||
| + | * Mencegah konstipasi | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Lemak ==== | ||
| + | * Energi tertinggi (9,3 kkal/ | ||
| + | * Jenis: | ||
| + | * Lemak jenuh (hewani) | ||
| + | * Lemak tak jenuh (nabati) | ||
| + | * Fungsi: | ||
| + | * Cadangan energi | ||
| + | * Pelindung organ | ||
| + | * Pelarut vitamin A, D, E, K | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Protein ==== | ||
| + | * Tersusun dari asam amino | ||
| + | * Jenis: | ||
| + | * Esensial | ||
| + | * Non esensial | ||
| + | * Semi esensial | ||
| + | * Fungsi: | ||
| + | * Pertumbuhan | ||
| + | * Perbaikan jaringan | ||
| + | * Pembentuk enzim dan hormon | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Vitamin ==== | ||
| + | * Tidak menghasilkan energi | ||
| + | * Jenis: | ||
| + | * Larut air (B, C) | ||
| + | * Larut lemak (A, D, E, K) | ||
| + | * Kekurangan: avitaminosis | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Mineral ==== | ||
| + | * Zat anorganik | ||
| + | * Contoh: | ||
| + | * Makro: Ca, K, Na | ||
| + | * Mikro: Fe, Zn, I | ||
| + | * Fungsi: | ||
| + | * Keseimbangan cairan | ||
| + | * Metabolisme | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Air ==== | ||
| + | * ±70% tubuh | ||
| + | * Fungsi: | ||
| + | * Pelarut | ||
| + | * Transport zat | ||
| + | * Mengatur suhu tubuh | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== 🩸 Sistem Peredaran Darah ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Komposisi Darah ==== | ||
| + | * Plasma darah (±55%) | ||
| + | * Sel darah (±45%) | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Plasma Darah ==== | ||
| + | * Air (90%) | ||
| + | * Protein (albumin, globulin, fibrinogen) | ||
| + | * Nutrisi, hormon, ion | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Sel Darah ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Eritrosit === | ||
| + | * Mengandung hemoglobin | ||
| + | * Fungsi: mengangkut O2 dan CO2 | ||
| + | * Umur ±120 hari | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Leukosit === | ||
| + | * Fungsi: pertahanan tubuh | ||
| + | * Jenis: | ||
| + | * Granulosit (neutrofil, eosinofil, basofil) | ||
| + | * Agranulosit (limfosit, monosit) | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Trombosit === | ||
| + | * Fungsi: pembekuan darah | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Pembekuan Darah ==== | ||
| + | | ||
| + | - Protrombin → trombin | ||
| + | - Fibrinogen → fibrin | ||
| + | | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Golongan Darah ==== | ||
| + | * A → antigen A, antibodi anti-B | ||
| + | * B → antigen B, antibodi anti-A | ||
| + | * AB → resipien universal | ||
| + | * O → donor universal | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== 🌱 Jaringan Tumbuhan ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Pengertian ==== | ||
| + | Jaringan tumbuhan adalah kumpulan sel dengan struktur dan fungsi yang sama. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Jaringan Meristem ==== | ||
| + | * Aktif membelah | ||
| + | * Jenis: | ||
| + | * Apikal | ||
| + | * Interkalar | ||
| + | * Lateral | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Jaringan Dewasa ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Pelindung === | ||
| + | * Epidermis | ||
| + | * Gabus | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Dasar (Parenkim) === | ||
| + | * Fotosintesis | ||
| + | * Penyimpanan | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Penguat === | ||
| + | * Kolenkim | ||
| + | * Sklerenkim | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Pengangkut === | ||
| + | * Xilem → air & mineral | ||
| + | * Floem → hasil fotosintesis | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Transportasi Tumbuhan ==== | ||
| + | === Ekstravaskular === | ||
| + | * Simplas (sitoplasma) | ||
| + | * Apoplas (dinding sel) | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Intravaskular === | ||
| + | * Xilem | ||
| + | * Floem | ||
| - | ===== Fungsi ===== | ||
| - | - Mengambil oksigen | ||
| - | - Mengeluarkan karbon dioksida | ||
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